NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology (2026–27)
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology on ClearStudy cover all 13 chapters of the CBSE Class 12 Biology textbook for the 2026–27 session. Every exercise question is answered clearly and completely by subject experts, with diagrams described and key terms explained — so you can understand each concept and revise the complete Class 12 Biology course from one place.
About Class 12 Biology
Class 12 Biology is one of the most scoring subjects for board exams and a core subject for NEET. The syllabus moves through reproduction in plants, humans and reproductive health, then genetics and evolution, human health and microbes, biotechnology and its applications, and finally ecology — organisms, ecosystems and biodiversity. Our NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology follow the official textbook exactly — the same chapters and the same question order — with detailed, exam-ready answers to every exercise question.
Class 12 Biology – All Chapters
Here are the 13 chapters of Class 12 Biology. Click any chapter to open its detailed NCERT solutions.
| # | Chapter | What it covers |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation. |
| 2 | Human Reproduction | Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, pregnancy and lactation. |
| 3 | Reproductive Health | Reproductive health, contraception, STDs and assisted reproductive technologies. |
| 4 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Mendel’s laws, inheritance, linkage, mutations and genetic disorders. |
| 5 | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | DNA, RNA, replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation. |
| 6 | Evolution | Origin of life, theories of evolution, evidences and mechanisms of evolution. |
| 7 | Human Health and Disease | Pathogens, immunity, common diseases, AIDS, cancer and drug abuse. |
| 8 | Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in food, industry, sewage treatment and as biocontrol agents. |
| 9 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Genetic engineering, tools, cloning vectors and processes of rDNA technology. |
| 10 | Biotechnology and its Applications | Biotechnology in agriculture, medicine, GMOs and ethical issues. |
| 11 | Organisms and Populations | Organisms and environment, population attributes and interactions. |
| 12 | Ecosystem | Ecosystem structure, energy flow, nutrient cycling and ecological pyramids. |
| 13 | Biodiversity and Conservation | Biodiversity, patterns, loss of biodiversity and conservation strategies. |
Chapter solution pages are being added — links go live as each chapter is published.
What you get in every Class 12 Biology solution
How to score full marks in Class 12 Biology
Read each topic in your textbook, then study our answer and write the key terms and diagrams from memory. Biology rewards precise terminology, so learn definitions exactly and practise labelled diagrams. Revising one chapter a week keeps the whole Class 12 Biology syllabus ready for both the board exam and NEET.
FAQs – NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
How many chapters are there in Class 12 Biology?
Class 12 Biology has 13 chapters, from Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants to Biodiversity and Conservation.
Are these Class 12 Biology solutions enough for the CBSE exam?
Yes. The solutions cover every NCERT exercise question in detail, which is exactly what the CBSE Class 12 board exam is based on, and they also help with NEET preparation.
Are these Class 12 Biology solutions free?
Yes. All NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology on ClearStudy are free and follow the official NCERT textbook from ncert.nic.in.