NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography India: People and Economy (2026-27)
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography India: People and Economy give you complete, chapter-wise answers to the second Class 12 Geography textbook. All 9 chapters are solved with clear, exam-ready answers to the exercise questions, definitions and reasoning – everything you need to master the human geography of India for 2026-27.
About the India: People and Economy textbook
India: People and Economy is the second NCERT Geography book for Class 12. It applies the concepts of human geography to India – the distribution, density, growth and composition of its population, its rural and urban settlements, land and water resources, agriculture, minerals and energy, planning and sustainable development, transport and communication, international trade, and selected geographical issues and problems. With these NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography India: People and Economy you can prepare every chapter with clear, exam-ready working that stays faithful to the textbook’s chapters and question order.
NCERT Solutions for India: People and Economy – All Chapters
Below are all 9 chapters with what each one covers. Click a chapter to open its full solutions.
| Chapter | Title | What you will learn |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition | How India’s population is distributed and the trends in its density, growth and composition. |
| 2 | Human Settlements | Rural and urban settlements in India, their types, patterns and classification. |
| 3 | Land Resources and Agriculture | Land-use categories, cropping seasons and the major crops and farming of India. |
| 4 | Water Resources | Water availability, usage, irrigation and the conservation of water resources. |
| 5 | Mineral and Energy Resources | Distribution of minerals and conventional and non-conventional energy resources. |
| 6 | Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context | Regional planning, target-area programmes and sustainable development case studies. |
| 7 | Transport and Communication | India’s transport networks, communication systems and major routes. |
| 8 | International Trade | India’s international trade, its composition, direction and major seaports. |
| 9 | Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | Environmental pollution, urban waste, land degradation and other selected problems. |
What every chapter solution includes
How to use these India: People and Economy solutions
Read the concept in your textbook first, then follow our solution to check your understanding. Learn the definitions, practise the India maps yourself, and attempt the exercise questions before looking at the answers.
FAQs – India: People and Economy
How many chapters are there in India: People and Economy?
The book has 9 chapters, from population to selected geographical issues and problems.
Is this the Class 12 Geography book 2 for 2026-27?
Yes. India: People and Economy is the second NCERT Class 12 Geography textbook for the 2026-27 session.
Are these solutions free?
Yes. All India: People and Economy chapter solutions on ClearStudy are free.